A servo motor turns to a requested angle and holds that position using a small motor, gears, and internal feedback.
A normal DC motor spins continuously. A servo motor is different because it is designed to move to a specific angle, such as 0, 90, or 180 degrees.
Inside the servo, gears slow the motor down and increase strength. A feedback sensor tells the controller where the shaft is positioned.
A microcontroller sends a PWM signal that represents the target angle.
The internal circuit compares the target angle with the current shaft position.
The motor rotates until the shaft reaches the requested angle.
The servo keeps making small corrections so the shaft stays in place.
Robot arms, steering systems, camera mounts, automatic doors, grippers, and small moving mechanisms.